Some of the large hydrocarbons the heavier fractions are broken down into more useful smaller hydrocarbons lighter fractions by a process known as cracking. The large hydrocarbons are generally obtained during the fractional distillation of crude oil petroleum. Best igcse organic chemistry notes complete breakdown. After fractional distillation there are a large number of longchain hydrocarbons. The most common aromatic hydrocarbons are those that contain a benzene ring. In this post, we are gonna discuss a very famous software powerpoint crack. Thermal cracking remains important, for example in producing naphtha, gas oil, and coke, and more sophisticated forms of thermal cracking have. Fluid catalytic cracking fcc quak foo, lee chemical and biological engineering the university of british columbia outline what is fcc. The zeolites used in catalytic cracking are chosen to give high percentages of hydrocarbons with between 5 and 10 carbon atoms particularly useful for petrol gasoline. This power point also consists of preparation of hydrcarbons. The complete series covers the aqa gcse 91 chemistry. Organic chemistry chemistry of compounds that contain carbon combine mainly with hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen over 10 million compounds made with these 4 elements 95% of compounds contain carbon form stable, covalent bonds with each other. Worlds best powerpoint templates crystalgraphics offers more powerpoint templates. This is achieved by using high pressure and temperature without a catalyst, or lower temperature and pressure in the presence of a catalyst.
Some compounds obtained from cracking have carboncarbon double bonds. The name given to hydrocarbons with single bonds only is. Cracking hygdrocarbons presentation teaching resources. Powerpoint name hydrocarbons iupac rules, multiple bonds. Catalytic cracking presentation free download as powerpoint presentation. Hydrogen production routes in areas with high cost of hydrocarbon feedstocks, methanol may be considered as an alternative. Ppt chapter 9 hydrocarbons from petroleum powerpoint presentation free to download id. An alkene is produced because the original alkane does. I print the starter as as handout sheet so they only have to complete the cloze exercise without writing everything.
In general, the smaller the molecule the better it will mix and then react with the air. Petroleum refining and petrochemical processes production of olefins steam cracking of hydrocarbons faculty of chemical engineering and technology university of zagreb ante jukic hr. Ppt chapter 25 alkanes and cracking powerpoint presentation. Cycloalkanes cyclic saturated hydrocarbons c n h 2n carbon atoms in a ring polygon properties similar to alicyclic hydrocarbons c3 and c4 are higly reactive ring strain cyclopropane was used as a narcotics polycyclic cyclopentano perhydrophenanthrene is a parent structure of steroids c3, c4, c5 are planar molecules. This is done by heating the hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst.
Chem 120 reactions of hydrocarbons authorstream presentation. Introduction fcc the fluidized catalytic cracking fcc unit is the heart of the refinery and is where heavy lowvalue petroleum stream such as vacuum gas oil vgo is upgraded into higher. Alkanes and alkenes organic chemistry alkanes and alkenes pure hydrocarbons because the main use of hydrocarbons is as a fuel there is no point in going to the effort to separate them. Tes global ltd is registered in england company no 02017289 with its registered office at 26 red lion square london wc1r 4hq. These are complex aluminosilicates, and are large lattices of aluminium, silicon and oxygen atoms carrying a negative charge. During the refining process, crude oil is separated into fractions having similar boiling points. It also produces high proportions of branched alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons like benzene. Powerpoint templates are a great way to add design elements to your presentation. Nov, 2014 cracking of crude oil crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons called fractions to separate the oil into its component fractions we first boil it. They are, of course, associated with positive ions. There are three basic functions in the catalytic cracking process.
To fulfill this high demand, the larger fractions of crude oil are cracked to produce extra lighter hydrocarbon. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about hydrocarbon ppt. Cracking the hydrocarbons in paraffin to form shorter alkanes and alkenes can be. Ppt hydrocarbons powerpoint presentation free to view. Cracking and alkenes crude oil, hydrocarbons and alkanes. If these are to be used as fuels or feedstock for the chemical industry then they have to be cracked into smaller molecules. There isnt any single unique reaction happening in the cracker. But in crude oil, there are not enough fraction of the lighter hydrocarbons to provide for this demand. Thermal cracking cracking chemistry fuel oil scribd.
The unit then moves onto the alkenes as a different homologous series from the alkanes, together with a consideration of the cracking process. High octane starter to inject pace which is easily adapted for other lessons. They may be gases methane and paropane, liquids hexane and benzene, waxes paraffin wax, or polymers polyethylene and polystyrene. Hydrocarbons thermal cracking selectivity depending on their. Methyl and ethyl compounds methyl and ethyl compounds propyl compounds structural isomers of c7h16 cycloheptane contains two fewer hydrogens than heptane. Catalytic cracking catalytic cracking catalytic cracking uses heat, pressure and a catalyst to break larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, lighter molecules.
Cracking, in petroleum refining, the process by which heavy hydrocarbon molecules are broken up into lighter molecules by means of heat and usually pressure. Hydrocarbons are used mainly as fuels, solvents and lubricants. Cracking of crude oil crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons called fractions to separate the oil into its component fractions we first boil it. A fractional distillation b cracking c crude oil extraction. When hydrocarbons burn they are reacting with oxygen in the air. Lecture template 4 free download as powerpoint presentation. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby complex organic molecules such as kerogens or longchain hydrocarbons are broken down into simpler molecules such as light hydrocarbons, by the breaking of carboncarbon bonds in the precursors. Feed stocks are light and heavy oils from the crude oil distillation unit which are processed primarily into gasoline as well as fuel oil and light gases. Ppt alkanes and alkenes powerpoint presentation free. Minimal cracking minimal conversion 10% to 20% typical products suitable for further processing or final blending reforming, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking hydrocracking severe form of. After the fractional distillation of crude oil there are too many large hydrocarbons and not enough small hydrocarbons to meet the publics demand.
Times comic sans ms arial pro w3 arial arial blank presentation powerpoint presentation powerpoint presentation powerpoint presentation powerpoint presentation powerpoint presentation powerpoint presentation powerpoint presentation. Gcse chemistry what is the chemistry of the cracking of. Download this premium photo about industrial furnace and heat exchanger cracking hydrocarbons in factory on sky sunset, close up of equipment in petrochemical plant, and discover more than 4 million. Hydrocarbons hydrocarbons hydrocarbons hydrocarbons hydrocarbons iupac system of naming organic compounds iupac system of naming organic compounds naming branches as groups naming branches as groups structural isomers how many structural isomers compounds with the. Catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons uniwersytet warszawski. Cracking converts high molecular weight hydrocarbons to more useful, low molecular weight ones types of cracking. The process whereby catalysts are added to certain hydrocarbons in order to break them into smaller hydrocarbons suitable for petrol and plastics is called. These are hydrocarbons which contain at least one carboncarbon triple bond. In this online course, learn about the key subjects in science. The simplest alkanes are hydrocarbons compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen.
A family of hydrocarbons which all fit the same general formula. Thermal cracking free download as powerpoint presentation. Chapter three crude oil processing and production of hydrocarbon. Chapter 25alkanes and cracking 1 chapter 25 alkanes and cracking 25. Hydrocarbons hydrocarbons the basis for organic chemistry organic compounds contain c bonded to other elements, commonly h, o, n, s, and halogens carbon can form many different. After fractional distillation there are a large number of longchain hydrocarbons left. It is when big hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller ones. Cracking is considered as a very important process for it can generate coke, gas oil and. I taught this lesson with a low ability year 10 group and it was observed by a regional consultant, borough consultant and head of department and judged to be a good lesson. Generally, the rate of cracking and the final products. University of zagreb petroleum refining and petrochemical. The gasoline and diesel fuel that are used in cars, trucks, and. Thermal cracking is used for conversion of residues and higher mol.
This website and its content is subject to our terms and conditions. Cracking an alkane produces a smaller alkane plus an alkene. Cycloalkanes naming cycloalkanes the above compounds are not structural isomers. Ppt chapter 9 hydrocarbons from petroleum powerpoint. The most important types of thermal conversion process are thermal cracking, visbreaking and coking. Feedstock reacts with catalyst and cracks into different hydrocarbons. For example, c8h18 c5h12 c3h6 b thermal cracking is the breakdown of large alkane molecules in the heavier fractions to lighter fractions. We offer hundreds of free ppt and themes for powerpoint. Gcse chemistry what is the cracking of hydrocarbons. Steam cracking of hydrocarbons is very important industrial process that transforms a wide range of hydrocarbon feedstock. Chapter 25 alkanes and cracking powerpoint ppt presentation. Powerpoint name hydrocarbons iupac rules, multiple bonds subject chemistry resources for high school teachers and students powerpoint lessons, notes, labs, worksheets, handouts, practice problems, and solutions.
Hydrocarbons thermal cracking selectivity depending on their structure and cracking parameters introduction 1 1 introduction production of lower olefins, like ethylene and propylene, it is a fundamental process in chemical industry for the reason that the worldwide demand for these compounds is higher than any other chemicals. In petrochemistry, petroleum geology and organic chemistry, cracking is the process whereby. Ozonolysis mechanism oxygen gas is exposed to high voltage to form ozone 03 ozone reacts with the alkene to form a molozonide intermediate. Catalytic cracking uses silica silicon oxide or alumina aluminium oxide as the catalyst and requires a temperature in the range of 600700c cracking can be classified as a thermal decomposition reaction, since heat and a catalyst is required to break down molecules.
Realworld reading link if you have ridden in a car or a bus, you have used hydrocarbons. Industrial furnace and heat exchanger cracking hydrocarbons in factory on sky sunset, close up of equipment in petrochemical plant. Ppt fluid catalytic cracking fcc powerpoint presentation. Cracking hydrocarbons on a microscale resource rsc. The term catalysis was introduced by berzelius in 1836. Catalytic converters catalytic converters a catalytic converter is a device used to reduce the toxicity of emissions from an internal combustion engine. Hydrocarbon cracking is the process whereby large and heavy hydrocarbon molecules longchain hydrocarbons are broken down up into simpler and smaller bits as light hydrocarbons shortchain hydrocarbons by the breaking a carboncarbon bonds in cracking stock. First, crack the vapour of liquid paraffin by passing it over a heated catalyst to produce and collect a mixture of gaseous shortchain hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons which contain at least one special type of hexagonal ring of carbon atoms with three double bond in the alternate positions are called aromatic hydrocarbon. There is a very high demand for lighter hydrocarbons such as petrol because they burn easily.
Catalytic cracking uses heat, pressure and a catalyst to break larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, lighter molecules. Apparatus delivery tube and bung bunsen burner boiling tube containing mineral wool porous pot liquid paraffin clamp and stand. A microscale experiment, cracking the hydrocarbons in paraffin to form shorter alkanes and alkenes. Find collection of free to download cracked powerpoint templates.
Gas cylinders which contain lpg and cng for housing, as well as vehicle purposes, are all made up of hydrocarbons. Oil industry ecological energy infographics presentation template. View and download powerpoint presentations on hydrocarbon ppt. Cracking of hydrocarbons always produces alkene molecules as.
The hydrocarbon molecules are broken up in a fairly random way to produce mixtures of smaller hydrocarbons, some of which have carboncarbon double bonds. Catalytic cracking presentation cracking chemistry zeolite. Cracking is a reaction in which larger saturated hydrocarbon molecules are broken down into smaller, more useful hydrocarbon molecules, some of which are unsaturated. Ppt alkanes powerpoint presentation free to download id. The factors responsible for the formation of products during cracking.
These fractions are then modified by cracking, condensation, polymerization, and alkylation processes, and. Lesson with option of differentiated resources for cracking hydrocarbon. In cracking, the hydrocarbon molecules randomly break into smaller hydrocarbon compounds. Ozonolysis mechanism oxygen gas is exposed to high voltage to form ozone 03 ozone reacts with the alkene to form a. Ms office templates can also be a timesaver that helps you to pull your presentation together quickly. Minimal cracking minimal conversion 10% to 20% typical products suitable for further processing or final blending reforming, catalytic cracking, hydrocracking hydrocracking severe form of hydroprocessing break carbon. This free hydrocarbons powerpoint templates can help you create attractive presentations for your work. Vladimir shukhov took the credit as the first person who invented and patented the cracking method in 1891. Hydrocarbons hydrocarbons are organic compounds that consist of only c and h atoms. Chemistry power point presentation on hydrocarbons, which covers all the basic topics and sub topics. Cracking is the name given to breaking up large hydrocarbon molecules into smaller and more useful bits. These are classified as alkanes, alkenes, arenas, etc. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id.
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